Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation models which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The model was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to model evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed model was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the model can strongly predict wheat development stages.

Introduction: The glutamergic receptors affect the synchronization of spike and wave discharges in different animal models of absence seizure. We studied the distribution of a NMDA subtype receptor in CA1 area of the hippocampus.Materials and Methods: Expression of NMDA subreceptor R2, the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptor in the brain, was investigated in rats suffering from absence-like seizures.Results: Rats with absence-like seizures exhibited decreased number of these NMDA subreceptors in the hippocampal formation.Conclusion: Changes of expression of these receptors in the hippocampus may be involved in cognition deficits in absence epilepsy.

Today, one of the most widely used natural language representation methods is meaning representation for text processing in different systems. Meaning representation methods have had many applications in the field of natural language processing in recent years, including automatic text summarization systems and question and answer systems, etc. Many text expressions may be different in terms of grammatical structure, but they are the same in terms of meaning, so how to apply a single and uniform meaning to them is one of the challenges of text processing. The main goal of this paper is to design an Integrated Semantic Representation (ISR) model for natural language. The proposed model, while maintaining its simplicity in annotation and understanding, does not depend on specific natural language features or on syntactic and lexical structure. In this regard, several examples in both English and Persian language, which have different in terms of written and grammatical structure, are presented in this paper. Moreover, by using the proposed model, the same representation is provided for texts with the same meaning and different grammatical structure. The proposed model is designed in graph and list format is recommended to annotate its corpuses. One of the main features of this model is that it can represent semantic relations at both sentence-level and document-level and is able to represent complex and important linguistic phenomena such as aspect, tense, and quantification. The simplicity of the proposed model helps to avoid making language processing slow or complicated in various applications, and the preparation of structures based on this model for different natural languages will not be too complicated, so that it can be used both for natural languages with low resources and for those with various resources. Further, features of the proposed model are compared with one of the most important related works.

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a model for designing the resilience model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

Introduction: A neurodevelopmental disorder, autism is typically identified with three primary behavioral consequences, such as social impairment, communication problems, and limited or stereotypical behavior. Because of its co-morbidity and lack of therapeutic options, autism is a global economic burden. A short chain of fatty acid, propionic acid is formed biologically by the gut microbiome. Propionic acid levels that are too high can cause leaky intestines, which can lead to autism-like symptoms. Methods: To induce autism, male Albino Wistar rats were given propionic acid (250 mg/ kg/po on the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd postnatal days). Rats also received a ryanodine receptor antagonist (Ruthenium red: 3 mg/kg/po,postnatal 21st to 50th day) to see what influence it had on propionic acid-induced autism. Anxiety, social behavior, and repeated behaviors were all assessed, as well as oxidative stress, inflammatory indicators, neuro signaling proteins, and blood-brain barrier permeability. Results: Ruthenium red was found to counter the propionic acid-induced increases in anxiety, repetitive behavior prefrontal cortex levels of IL-6, TNF-α, , TBARS, Evans blue leakage, and water content along with decreases in social behavior, IL-10, and GSH followed by hippocampus CREB and BDNF levels. Conclusion: Ryanodine receptor antagonists presented a neuroprotective effect in propionic acid-induced conditions like autism by modulatory effects on social and repetitive behavior, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotein changes. Ryanodine receptors can be further explored in depth to manage autism as a condition.

Aim: b-Catenin is a known proto-oncoprotein which its upregulation is involved in tumorigenesis of several human cancers including colorectal cancer, melanoma, pancreatic, ovarian and many other human malignancies. It is believed that this protein is a very potential target for cancer prevention and therapy. Although b-Catenin was originally identified as a component of the canonical Wnt signaling, there are many reports that this protein can also be regulated by several other signaling pathways including those through receptor tyrosine kinases, PI3-kinses and heterotrimeric G-proteins. It is quite likely that regulation of b-Catenin by multiple signaling pathways is a result of the cross-talk among these pathways. We and others have already provided evidence that activation of almost all members of the Ga subunits of heteritrimeric G-proteins can regulate b-Catenin via different mechanisms. For example, by using several cell systems, we have shown that activation of the Gaq class of Ga proteins leads to inhibition of GSK-3b and cellular accumulation of b-Catenin, suggesting that Gaq signaling may somehow positively regulate the canonical Wnt signaling. We have also confirmed the positive role of Gaq on b-Catenin-mediated signaling by using a couple of specific Gaq blocking peptides. Receptors for G-proteins (G protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs) are the most diverse family of proteins in mammals which are involved in many critical cellular processes. Around one thousand different GPCRs are encoded by human genome and more than 30% of the approved therapeutic drugs, target these receptors. Calcitonin receptor (CTR) is a member of the GPCR family (B1 subfamily) which is shown to couple to Gaq or Gas containing trimeric G proteins involved in primarily activation of phospholipase Cb1 and adenylate cyclase respectively. The known ligand for Calcitonin receptor is a 32 amino acid peptide called Calcitonin which is produced by several tissues in the body including thyroid, prostate, and central nervous system. CTR-mediated signaling has very important biological roles in many tissues including bones in which this signaling pathway is involved in maturation of osteoclasts and bone homeostasis. Calcitonin receptor is a GPCR family member which functions through activation of Gs and Gq trimeric G proteins and therefore, in this study we have examined whether activation of this receptor has any effect on b-Catenin transcriptional activity by measuring the expression of several b-Catenin-target genes including a reporter luciferase gene harboring several b-Catenin/T-cell factor recognition elements.Material and Methods: HEK293T cell culture and transfection with appropriate genetic constructs plus gene expression assays at the level of transcription including quantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR have been used in this study.Results: The results showed that cellular activation of Calcitonin receptor increases the expression of several b-Catenin-responsive genes. Expression of the reporter luciferase, CCND1 (the Cyclin D1 encoding gene), c-MYC, and FGF-20 (Fibroblast growth factor-20) was increased upon the expression of Calcitonin receptor in HEK293T cells or treatment of these cells with Calcitonin.Conclusion: The Calcitonin receptor-mediated signaling may activate b-Catenin and (or) the Wnt/b-Catenin pathway. Further investigations are required to find out the exact mechanism of regulation of the Wnt/b-Catenin pathway by Calcitonin receptor-mediated signaling. Since b-Catenin is a potential oncogene in human cancers, Calcitonin receptor and its signaling partners can be considered for clinical studies.